Chapter 9. Devices

Table of Contents
9.1. Tape
9.2. SSD
9.3. Disk drives
9.4. Main memory

This chapter describes the type of storage devices available on UNICOS and UNICOS/mk systems including tapes, solid-state storage device (SSD), disks, and main memory. The type of I/O device used affects the I/O transfer rate.

9.1. Tape

The UNICOS tape subsystem runs on all UNICOS systems and is designed for system users who have large-scale data handling needs. Users can read or write to a tape with formatted or unformatted sequential Fortran I/O statements, buffer I/O, and the READDC(3F), READP, WRITEC(3F), and WRITEP(3F) I/O routines.

A Fortran program interfaces with the tape subsystem through the Fortran I/O statements and the I/O library. The Tape Subsystem User's Guide, describes the tape subsystem in detail.

9.1.1. Tape I/O interfaces

There are two different types of tape I/O interfaces: the traditional read[a] and write[a] system calls and tapelist I/O, which is unique to magnetic tape processing on UNICOS and UNICOS/mk systems.

Tapelist I/O allows the user to make several I/O requests in one system exchange. It also allows processing of user tape marks, bad tape data, and end-of-volume (EOV) processing.

The system libraries provide the following four common ways to perform tape I/O:

  • Through the use of the system calls.

  • Through the stdio library, which is commonly used from C. This method provides no means to detect or regulate the positioning of tape block breaks on the tape.

  • Through Fortran I/O (not fully supported on UNICOS/mk systems). This provides bad data handling, foreign data conversion, EOV processing, and high-performance asynchronous buffering. Only a subset of these functions are currently supported through Fortran I/O for the ER90 tape device.

  • Through the Flexible File I/O (FFIO) system (not available on UNICOS/mk systems). FFIO is used by Fortran I/O and is also available to C users. It provides bad data handling, foreign data conversion, EOV processing, and asynchronous buffering. FFIO uses tapelist I/O. For more information about FFIO see the INTRO_FFIO(3F) man page. Only a subset of these functions are currently supported through Fortran I/O for the ER90 tape device.

9.1.2. Tape subsystem capabilities

The tape subsystem provides the following capabilities:

  • Label processing

  • Reading and writing of tape marks

  • Tape positioning

  • Automatic volume recognition (AVR)

  • Multivolume tape files

  • Multifile volume allocation

  • Foreign dataset conversion on UNICOS and UNICOS/mk systems

  • User end-of-volume (EOV) processing

  • Concatenated tape files

The tape subsystem supports the following user commands on UNICOS and UNICOS/mk systems:

Command 

Description

rls(1) 

Releases reserved tape resources

rsv(1) 

Reserves tape resources

tpmnt(1) 

Requests a tape mount for a tape file

tprst(1) 

Displays reserved tape status for the current session ID

tpstat(1) 

Displays current tape status

See the Tape Subsystem User's Guide, for more details about the tape subsystem.